Benchmark: Web Encrypt API - Encrypt

Script Preparation code:

const message = 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";
const enc = new TextEncoder();
const encodedMessage = enc.encode(message);

let keyCbc, ivCbc;
let keyGcm, ivGcm;

(async () => {
    keyCbc = await window.crypto.subtle.generateKey({
            name: "AES-CBC",
            length: 256
        },
        true,
        ["encrypt", "decrypt"]
    );
    ivCbc = window.crypto.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(16));

    keyGcm = await window.crypto.subtle.generateKey({
            name: "AES-GCM",
            length: 256
        },
        true,
        ["encrypt", "decrypt"]
    );
    ivGcm = window.crypto.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(12));
})();

Tests:

GCM
(async () => { await window.crypto.subtle.encrypt({ name: "AES-GCM", iv: ivGcm, tagLength: 128, }, keyGcm, encodedMessage ); })();
CBC
(async () => { await window.crypto.subtle.encrypt({ name: "AES-CBC", iv: ivGcm, tagLength: 128, }, keyGcm, encodedMessage ); })();

Rendered benchmark preparation results:

Suite status: <idle, ready to run>

Previous results

Test case name	Result
GCM
CBC

Fastest: N/A

Slowest: N/A

Latest run results:

Run details: (Test run date: 8 months ago)

User agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/139.0.0.0 Safari/537.36 Edg/139.0.0.0

Browser/OS: Chrome 139 on Windows

View result in a separate tab

Test name	Executions per second
GCM	20927.6 Ops/sec
CBC	22980.1 Ops/sec

Autogenerated LLM Summary (model gpt-4o-mini, generated 8 months ago):

LLMs can make mistakes. Check important info.

The benchmark outlined in the provided JSON is testing the performance of two different encryption modes using the Web Cryptography API in JavaScript: **AES-GCM** and **AES-CBC**. Both are methods for encrypting data, specifically block ciphers, but they feature different designs and security properties.

### Test Cases
1. **GCM (Galois/Counter Mode)**
   - This test case uses the AES-GCM encryption algorithm.
   - It encrypts a predefined message using an initialization vector (IV) generated earlier (`ivGcm`).
   - In addition to encryption, GCM provides integrity and authenticity through authentication tags, making it suitable for modern security requirements.

2. **CBC (Cipher Block Chaining)**
   - This test case employs the AES-CBC encryption algorithm.
   - Similar to GCM, this test encrypts the same message but uses `ivCbc` (initialization vector for CBC mode) for conducting the encryption.
   - CBC is an older encryption mode and does not include built-in message integrity checks, relying instead on separate methods (like HMAC) for verifying message authenticity after decryption.

### Performance Results
Based on the benchmark results:
- **CBC** achieved approximately **22,980 executions per second**.
- **GCM** achieved a slightly lower rate of **20,928 executions per second**.

This indicates that CBC performs better in this particular test, though it's crucial to interpret these results carefully.

### Pros and Cons of Each Approach

**AES-CBC:**
- **Pros:**
  - Generally fast, especially for encryption-heavy workloads.
  - Widely supported in many libraries and applications.
- **Cons:**
  - Vulnerable to certain attacks if not implemented with additional integrity checks.
  - Requires padding for data that isn't a multiple of the block size (e.g., 16 bytes).

**AES-GCM:**
- **Pros:**
  - Provides both encryption and authentication within the same operation, improving security posture significantly.
  - Ensures data integrity and authenticity through its built-in authentication tag.
- **Cons:**
  - Slightly slower than CBC in certain implementations due to the extra operations needed for authentication.
  - More complex to implement correctly, especially regarding the usage of nonces (unique numbers used once).

### Other Considerations
- **Security**: AES-GCM is preferred in modern applications due to its integrity and authentication features. CBC’s weaknesses make it less suitable in scenarios requiring high-security measures.
- **Performance**: The difference in performance might vary based on the device, browser optimizations, and message sizes. For applications managing large amounts of data, even minor performance differences can be significant.
- **Usability**: Both algorithms have APIs in the Web Cryptography API, allowing developers to easily integrate them into web applications.

### Alternatives
Aside from AES-GCM and AES-CBC, there are other encryption modes and algorithms available:
- **AES-CTR (Counter Mode)**: Similar to GCM, it allows parallel processing but lacks built-in integrity checks.
- **ChaCha20-Poly1305**: An alternative cipher mode that can be faster on some devices, especially mobile, and provides authenticated encryption.
- **RSA or ECC for Key Exchange**: While symmetric encryption covers data encryption, asymmetric encryption options like RSA or ECC are often used for securely exchanging keys.

Choosing the right algorithm and mode largely depends on the specific use case, such as the required performance and security guarantees.

Related benchmarks:

Web Encrypt API - Encrypt (version: 3)

Comparing performance of: GCM vs CBC

Created: 8 months ago by: Registered User

Jump to the latest result

GCM

CBC

Suite status: <idle, ready to run>

Fastest: N/A

Slowest: N/A

Autogenerated LLM Summary (model gpt-4o-mini, generated 8 months ago):