Benchmark: sqrt vs hypot - MeasureThat.net

Script Preparation code:

const N = 1e7;
const values = new Array(N).fill(0).map(() => [Math.random(), Math.random()]);

Tests:

sqrt
for (let i = 0; i < N; i++) { Math.sqrt(values[i][0] ** 2 + values[i][1] ** 2); }
sqrt * direct
for (let i = 0; i < N; i++) { Math.sqrt(values[i][0] * values[i][0] + values[i][1] * values[i][1]); }
hypot
for (let i = 0; i < N; i++) { Math.hypot(values[i][0], values[i][1]); }

Rendered benchmark preparation results:

Suite status: <idle, ready to run>

Previous results

Test case name	Result
sqrt
sqrt * direct
hypot

Fastest: N/A

Slowest: N/A

Latest run results:

Run details: (Test run date: 5 days ago)

User agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64; rv:137.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/137.0

Browser/OS: Firefox 137 on Windows

View result in a separate tab

Test name	Executions per second
sqrt	32.5 Ops/sec
sqrt * direct	31.8 Ops/sec
hypot	32.3 Ops/sec

Autogenerated LLM Summary (model gpt-4o-mini, generated one month ago):

LLMs can make mistakes. Check important info.

The benchmark defined in the provided JSON compares different methods of computing the Euclidean distance between points in a 2D space. It does so using three distinct approaches: the `sqrt` method with exponentiation, a simplified `sqrt` calculation with direct multiplication, and the `hypot` method. Here's a breakdown of what each approach entails, their pros and cons, as well as considerations for software engineers:

### Benchmark Overview

1. **Methods Being Compared**:
   - **`Math.sqrt(values[i][0] ** 2 + values[i][1] ** 2)`**: This method calculates the square root of the sum of squares of two values. It utilizes the exponentiation operator `**` to square the values.
   - **`Math.sqrt(values[i][0] * values[i][0] + values[i][1] * values[i][1])`** (referred to as "sqrt * direct"): This method divides the calculation into explicit multiplication rather than using the exponentiation operator for squaring.
   - **`Math.hypot(values[i][0], values[i][1])`**: This method directly computes the Euclidean norm (length) of a 2D vector using the `hypot` function, which handles squaring and summing internally, before calculating the square root.

### Performance Insights

From the benchmark results:
- The performance of the methods is measured in `ExecutionsPerSecond`, indicating how many times each computation can be executed in one second.

Here's the performance of each method from the latest benchmark results:
- **`sqrt * direct`**: 32.70 executions per second (fastest)
- **`sqrt`**: 31.96 executions per second
- **`hypot`**: 31.91 executions per second (slowest)

### Pros and Cons of Each Approach

1. **Math.sqrt with exponentiation (`sqrt`)**:
   - **Pros**:
     - Clearer and more readable expression of the mathematical operation.
   - **Cons**:
     - The use of the exponentiation operator might introduce additional overhead compared to direct multiplication since it’s potentially more complex under the hood for the JavaScript engine to optimize.

2. **Math.sqrt with direct multiplication (`sqrt * direct`)**:
   - **Pros**:
     - Performance benefits shown in this benchmark indicate that direct multiplication is likely more efficient due to simpler operations and potentially better optimization by the JavaScript engine.
     - Also, this approach avoids the overhead associated with the `**` operator.
   - **Cons**:
     - Slightly less readable than the exponentiation approach, but still fairly straightforward.

3. **Math.hypot**:
   - **Pros**:
     - Handles edge cases where inputs are NaN or infinite values more gracefully. It also computes the result in a single function call, which might be advantageous in certain contexts.
     - Readable and directly communicates the intention to calculate the hypotenuse of a triangle.
   - **Cons**:
     - As demonstrated in this benchmark, it can be slightly slower than the other methods, which could be a concern in performance-critical applications.

### Considerations for Software Engineers

- When choosing between these methods, consider:
  - **Readability vs. Performance**: If performance is crucial in tight loops or frequently called functions, `sqrt * direct` may be preferred. For more mathematical clarity, `Math.hypot` is more expressive.
  - **Input Validation**: Using `Math.hypot` might simplify input validation since it automatically handles special cases (like negative inputs).
  - **Browser Optimization**: The results can vary between different JavaScript engines (e.g., V8 in Chrome vs. SpiderMonkey in Firefox), so testing in the intended environment is advisable.

### Alternatives

1. **Using Libraries**: 
   - For complex mathematical operations, libraries like `math.js` or `numeric.js` can be used, offering a wide range of mathematical functions and optimizations that might outperform native implementations depending on complexity.
   
2. **Manual Implementations**:
   - Custom implementations can be crafted that exploit application-specific optimizations or properties of the data, although this typically requires deep mathematical understanding and proficiency in performance tuning.

3. **Other Languages**:
   - If performance is critical, consider implementing this functionality in languages well-known for computation-intensive tasks, such as Rust or C++, potentially interfacing with JavaScript through WebAssembly for speed.

In conclusion, the benchmark results provide valuable insights into various methods of computing Euclidean distances in JavaScript. Engineers can leverage this information to make informed decisions based on their specific use cases, performance requirements, and coding style preferences.

Related benchmarks:

sqrt vs hypot (version: 1)

Comparing performance of: sqrt vs sqrt * direct vs hypot

Created: one month ago by: Registered User

Jump to the latest result

sqrt

sqrt * direct

hypot

Suite status: <idle, ready to run>

Experimental features:

Fastest: N/A

Slowest: N/A

Autogenerated LLM Summary (model gpt-4o-mini, generated one month ago):